Antenna apparatus and software for emulating same

ABSTRACT

According to an embodiment, there is provided a plurality of spiral antenna elements that are generated using algorithms taught herein that can be implemented in hardware or software. Embodiments utilize symmetric combinations of 2 or 3 such spiral elements on a substrate or within computer memory to create an array. Each of the antenna elements is in the form of expanding spiral (non-logarithmically expanding) and contains at least six turns. Among the suitable spirals are Fermat, and/or Cornu (Euler) and/or Archimedes and/or other non-logarithmically expanding spirals in any combination. As an article of manufacture, the antenna array may be incorporated into a chip, such as might be found in a cell phone or other CPU based product, or printed or otherwise mounted on an article of clothing, for example.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of allowed co-pending U.S. Ser. No.14/788,964, filed Jul. 1, 2015, which application is acontinuation-in-part of abandoned U.S. Ser. No. 14/591,019, filed Jan.7, 2015 and also claims the benefit of provisional patent applicationSer. No. 61/925,808 filed Jan. 10, 2014, which applications are hereinincorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to antennas and, in particular, to arrays ofradiating and receiving spiral elements used in combination with othercomponents and articles of manufacture using the same.

BACKGROUND

Electromagnetic field (EMF) radiation (sometimes called radio frequencyradiation) of the sort emitted by a wide variety of modern electroniccomponents has been associated with numerous types of health problems inhumans (e.g., inflammation, decreased oxygenation, reduced stamina andendurance, agitated nervous system, muscle tension, spasms, cramping,headaches and migraine pains, or decreased digestive function, etc.).With respect to low intensity EMF radiation, it is now broadlyacknowledged that even low intensity EMF radiation interacts withenvironmental and biological variables which raises immediate concernsthat there might be unforeseen negative biological consequences of suchexposure. As a consequence, there has been an increasing research focusin recent years aimed toward understanding the effects of short and longterm exposure to such radiation might have on the individuals who areexposed to it. Whatever its impact, there is mounting evidence that EMFradiation has a measurable impact on the human body and other organisms.

Heretofore, as is well known in the EMF radiation arts there has been aneed for an invention to address and solve the disadvantages of priorart methods of attenuating same. Accordingly it should now berecognized, as was recognized by the present inventors, that thereexists, and has existed for some time, a very real need for a system andmethod that would address and solve the above-described problems.

Before proceeding to a description of the present invention, however, itshould be noted and remembered that the description of the inventionwhich follows, together with the accompanying drawings, should not beconstrued as limiting the invention to the examples (or preferredembodiments) shown and described. This is so because those skilled inthe art to which the invention pertains will be able to devise otherforms of the invention within the ambit of the appended claims.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to a first aspect, there is provided herein an antennaapparatus. In an embodiment, some number of antenna elements in the formof some number of Archimedes spirals will be arranged in symmetriccombinations of two or three (or more) such spirals to form theconductive portion of an antenna apparatus. In other embodiments, theArchimedes antenna elements will be combined with a plurality ofFermat's (double) spiral elements to form the conductive portion of theantenna apparatus. The spirals will be then placed on an appropriatesubstrate for use as an antenna and situated spatially as describedhereinafter. In each case, the spirals will be comprised of at leastthree or more turns, but preferably 6 turns.

In another embodiment, some number of Archimedes spirals will becombined with a plurality of Cornu (double end Euler or “S”) spirals toform the conductive portion of an antenna apparatus, with the conductiveportion being placed on an appropriate substrate. In other embodiments,the Cornu antenna elements will be used alone in symmetric combinationsof two or three such spirals to form the conductive portion of anantenna apparatus. In each case, the spirals will be comprised of atleast three turns, but preferably six.

In a further embodiment, some number of Fermat and/or Cornu spirals willbe used in combination to form the conductive portion of the antennaapparatus, with the spirals so used being placed on an appropriatenon-conducting substrate according to the placement describedhereinafter. In each case, the spirals will be comprised of three ormore turns, but preferably six.

Finally, according to an embodiment an antenna element will be formedfrom a spiral that expands non-logarithmically. In each case, thespirals will be comprised of at least three, but preferably six, turns.

According to still another aspect, there is provided a software programand associated algorithms for producing in software a simulated arraysubstantially similar to one or more of those physical arrays disclosedherein as hardware. In the text that follows, it should be understoodthat when “hardware” patterns are described the same patterns areintended to be used in this embodiment of the as being displayed on avideo screen or otherwise calculated and stored in video or othermemory. In each case, the spirals will be comprised of at least threeturns, but preferably six turns.

In a further embodiment, an antenna array is simulated using algorithmsset forth herein. As discussed below, some number N of non-logarithmicspirals of the sort described below (preferably where N=1 or N=2x orN=3x, x being a positive integer) will be placed in a spaced apartlocation on a substrate or simulated within a computer that preferablehas a display integral thereto. As an article of manufacture, theantenna array disclosed herein may be incorporated into any electronicor electrical device. As a method, it may be implemented within anyprogrammable device.

According to another embodiment there is provided an antenna arraycomprising: a substrate; and, three or more conductive spiral arrayelements symmetrically arrayed and present on said substrate, each ofsaid three or more array elements having a form defined by an equationin the coordinates x and y:

$x = {+ {\int_{0}^{A}{{\cos\left( {\frac{\pi}{2}s^{2}} \right)}d\; s}}}$$y = {- {\int_{0}^{A}{{\sin\left( {\frac{\pi}{2}s^{2}} \right)}d\; s}}}$where, A is a length of the curve as measured from the origin, and whereA is chosen such that each of said three or more array elements has atleast six turns, where s is a parameter of integration measured inradians, π is a constant which is approximately equal to 3.14, and,wherein a number of said three or more array elements is a multiple ofeither two or three.

According to a further embodiment antenna array comprising: a substrate;and, three or more conductive spiral array elements symmetricallyarrayed and present on said substrate, each of said three or more arrayelements having a form defined by an equation in the polar coordinatesasr=aθ,where r is a distance from an origin and θ is an angle of rotationchosen such that each of said spiral array elements has at least sixturns, and a is an arbitrary constant, and, wherein a number of saidthree or more array elements is a multiple of either 2 or three.

According to another embodiment, there is provided an antenna arraycomprising: a substrate; and, three or more conductive spiral arrayelements symmetrically arrayed and present on said substrate, each ofsaid three or more array elements having a form defined by an equationin the polar coordinates asr=aθ,where r is a distance from an origin and θ is an angle of rotationchosen such that each of said spiral array elements has at least sixturns, and a is an arbitrary constant, and, wherein a number of saidthree or more array elements is a multiple of either two or three.

In a further embodiment, there is provided an antenna array comprising:a substrate; and, three or more conductive spiral array elementssymmetrically arrayed and present on said substrate, each of said threeor more array elements having a form defined by the equation in thepolar coordinates asr ² =a ²θ,where r is a distance from an origin and θ is an angle of rotationchosen such that each of said spiral array elements has at least sixturns, and a is an arbitrary constant, and,wherein a number of said three or more array elements is a multiple ofeither two or three.

In still a further embodiment, there is provided a method of attenuatinglow intensity EMF radiation in a computing device having a displayintegral thereto, comprising the steps of: within said computing device,forming a graphical representation of a symmetric antenna arraycomprised of at least three non-logarithmically expanding spirals,wherein each of said spirals has at least six turns,

wherein each of said three or more has at least six turns, and wherein anumber of said three or more array elements is a multiple of either twoor three; and, displaying said graphical representation on said display.

According to still another embodiment, there is provided a device forreducing DNA damage from low intensity EMF radiation to an individualwho is using said electronic device, wherein said electronic device hasa display integral thereto, comprising: a CPU in electroniccommunication with said display; computer memory in electroniccommunication with said CPU, said computer memory containinginstructions executable by said CPU, said instructions comprising thesteps of: forming a graphical representation of a symmetric antennaarray comprised of at least three non-logarithmically expanding spirals,wherein each of said three or more spirals has at least six turns, andwherein a number of said three or more spirals is a multiple of eithertwo or three; and, displaying said graphical representation on saiddisplay.

The foregoing has outlined in broad terms the more important features ofthe invention disclosed herein so that the detailed description thatfollows may be more clearly understood, and so that the contribution ofthe instant inventors to the art may be better appreciated. The instantinvention is not limited in its application to the details of theconstruction and to the arrangements of the components set forth in thefollowing description or illustrated in the drawings. Rather theinvention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced andcarried out in various other ways not specifically enumerated herein.Additionally, the disclosure that follows is intended to apply to allalternatives, modifications and equivalents as may be included withinthe spirit and the scope of the invention as defined by the appendedclaims. Further, it should be understood that the phraseology andterminology employed herein are for the purpose of description andshould not be regarded as limiting, unless the specificationspecifically so limits the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the features and advantages of thepresent invention, reference is now made to the detailed description ofthe invention along with the accompanying figures in which correspondingnumerals in the different figures refer to corresponding parts and inwhich:

FIG. 1 is a top plan view of one embodiment of a hardware component ofan antenna element;

FIG. 2 is a plan view of an antenna element suitable for use with theinstant invention;

FIG. 3 contains various embodiments of antenna elements suitable for usewith the instant invention;

FIG. 4 contains a schematic representation of a version of an Archimedesspiral which could be an antenna element according to the instantinvention;

FIG. 5 contains a schematic illustration of a cell phone with anembodiment of the invention active thereon;

FIG. 6 contains an embodiment of a collection of antenna elementsarranged as an array according to the teachings herein;

FIG. 7 contains an embodiment of a collection of antenna elementsarranged as an array according to the teachings herein;

FIG. 8 contains an embodiment of a collection of antenna elementsarranged as an array according to the teachings herein; and

FIG. 9 contains a schematic illustration of an embodiment of an arrayaccording to the instant invention as it might be used in practice;

FIGS. 10A-10C illustrate actual photomicrographs of blood cells beforeand during exposure to EMF radiation, and with and without activation ofan embodiment of the instant invention.

FIG. 11 indicates an operating logic suitable for use with the instantinvention.

FIG. 12 contains an embodiment of a collection of antenna elementsarranged as an array according to the teachings herein.

FIG. 13 contains a schematic illustration of an embodiment of an arrayof elements according to the instant invention as it might be used inpractice on a desktop computer.

FIG. 14 contains a schematic illustration of how turns are calculatedaccording to an embodiment.

FIG. 15 contains illustrations of differences in DNA damage levelsbefore and after cell phone use in exposed group (protection applicationdisabled). ** p<0.01; ***p<0.001;**** p<0.0001 for an embodiment.

FIG. 16 contains illustrations of the differences in DNA damage levelsbefore and after cell phone use in protected group (protectionapplication enabled). ** p<0.01; ***p<0.001.

FIG. 17 contains an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

While this invention is susceptible of embodiment in many differentforms, there is shown in the drawings, and will herein be describedhereinafter in detail, some specific embodiments of the instantinvention. It should be understood, however, that the present disclosureis to be considered an exemplification of the principles of theinvention and is not intended to limit the invention to the specificembodiments or algorithms so described.

Turning now to the various figures herein, it should be noted as aninitial matter that, although the various hardware configurations arediscussed in figures attached hereto, the focus of the instant inventionis reproduction of the patterns as set out below as antenna elementsand/or on the screen of any computer device having such, and/or writingto computer volatile or nonvolatile memory the patterns describedhereinafter. In each case, the instant inventor believes such would havethe same or a comparable effect as preparing one of the hardwareembodiments below.

By way of general explanation to the discussion that follows, the photonis the elementary particle responsible for electromagnetic phenomena. Itis the carrier of electromagnetic radiation of all wavelengths,including gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet light, visible light, infraredlight, microwave, and radio waves. The photon differs though from manyother elementary particles such as the electron and the quark, in thatit has zero rest mass, therefore, it travels in a vacuum at the speed oflight. Like all quanta, the photon has a wave, spin, and particleproperties. They also have the ability to carry the “frequency” and“intensity” from the last source they were associated with. So thephoton can carry the antenna array through a device to keep theperson's/or aerobic organism's electromagnetic biofield coherent withinthe wavelength distances of the electronic or electrical devise thearray is applied to.

Turning now to a discussion of certain embodiments of the invention,referring initially to FIG. 5, the icon 510 contained there will beinterpreted throughout the instant disclosure as any combination of thespirals 14, 200, 210, 300, 325, 350, or other non-logarithmicallyexpanding spirals that are configured as an antenna element according tothe rules discussed below. Said another way, this icon 500 should bebroadly interpreted to represent combinations of the embodiments ofFIGS. 1, 2 and 3. In some embodiments, the icon 500 will be used torepresent the entirety of the patterns such as those set out in FIGS.6-8 (i.e., array elements that are positioned according to theconfigurations 600, 700, and 800). FIG. 5 contains a schematic drawingof the icon 510 as it might appear when used in conjunction with acellular telephone 500. FIG. 13 contains an example of a desktopcomputer 1300 that has been outfitted with an antenna 1310 that has beencreated according to rules discussed below.

Turning next to FIG. 17, there is provided in this figure an example ofhow the instant invention might be implemented in practice. According tothis embodiment, a computer program will be written that displays somenumber of array elements 1700 on a cellular telephone screen 500according to the invention as generally discussed previously. In somevariations, the array elements 1700 might be written to the foreground(i.e., the currently displayed) screen, thereby obscuring all otherrunning programs, icons 1710, etc. In other cases, as is shown in FIG.17, the array elements 1700 might be written to the background so thaticons 1710, windows, etc., would be visible on top of the array elements1700. In some cases the array elements 1700 will be written in very lowintensity (e.g., relatively high transparency) so that they could bewritten on top of whatever is currently displayed on the screen withoutinterfering with what appears there. This variation is generallyindicated by the use of dashed lines in FIG. 17. This writing might bestatic (e.g., the chosen pattern would be written one time as a nearlytransparent overlay) or periodically adjusted as the display changes(e.g., as the user manipulates windows on the screen or as otherprograms change what is viewable, e.g., as a video is played). However,an embodiment that generally works well is to create an image that iscompletely transparent except where the array elements are drawn andthen make the array elements themselves almost completely transparent,e.g., with transparency set to “1” on a scale of 0 to 100, with “0”corresponding to completely transparent and not viewable.

In some embodiments, the image that is currently being displayed on thescreen will be read and an overlay designed that is as unobtrusive aspossible. For example, if the current screen display is entirely white,a pattern that is slightly off white might be used. If the screen iscompletely black, a dark grey pattern could be used. In cases wherethere are a plurality of different colors displayed, one embodimentwould determine on a pixel-by-pixel basis a best shade of color to useso as to be as unobtrusive as possible. Of course, those of ordinaryskill will understand how this might be done.

Next turning FIG. 1, therein is depicted an antenna array that isschematically illustrated and generally designated as element 10. Theantenna array 10 includes a substrate 12 having an antenna element 14disposed thereon, which comprises a substantially continuous transducerarranged as an outwardly non-logarithmically expanding spiral of thesort defined below. It is important, though, that the array element ofthis embodiment has at least three turns, but preferably six turnstherein. The spiral may be oriented in either direction (clockwise orcounter clockwise).

In one embodiment, the outwardly expanding generally spiral antennaelement shape can be represented as a Fermat's Spiral which may bewritten (in polar coordinates) as:r ² =a ²θ,where r is a distance from the origin, θ is an angle of rotation, and ais an arbitrary constant. In some embodiments six turns of the spiralwill be used, i.e., 0≤θ≤2160° (e.g., FIG. 1). Other embodiments mightuse a different number of turns greater than 3, but 6 is the preferrednumber.

According to another embodiment, a double-ended spiral of Cornu (alsoknown as the clothoid or Euler's spiral) might be used (FIG. 2 andvarious of the variations of FIG. 2 in FIG. 3). One set of definingequations for such a curve is:

$x = {+ {\int_{0}^{A}{{\cos\left( {\frac{\pi}{2}s^{2}} \right)}d\; s}}}$${y = {- {\int_{0}^{A}{{\sin\left( {\frac{\pi}{2}s^{2}} \right)}d\; s}}}},$where A is the length of the curve as measured from the origin. Thiscurve has the property that its curvature grows with the distance fromthe origin. In an embodiment, “A” will be chosen such that the resultingfigure has at least 3 turns on each end, but preferably 6. Note alsothat, in some embodiments, only a portion of this equation might beused, e.g., the portion of the spiral contained within box 210. Itshould be noted and remembered, that one of ordinary skill in the artwill recognize that constant values might be multiplied by each of theforgoing to scale such to the particular array that is beingconstructed.

Note that the embodiment of FIG. 2 may be modified in any number ofways. FIG. 3 contains some specific examples. Obviously, the number ofdifferent curves that might appear (2, 3, 4, etc.) is a design decisionthat might be varied according to the particular circumstances.

According to another embodiment, there is provided another array elementas set out schematically in FIG. 4. FIG. 4 contains a representation ofan Archimedes spiral antenna element 410 as it would appear when writtenin polar coordinates. Conventionally, this antenna element isrepresented by the equation r=aθ, where a is an arbitrary constant.

According to some embodiments the curve/array element might be expressedin three dimensions. More particularly, it should be appreciated thatthe arrays discussed herein might not be expressed in a plane but,instead, might be three dimensional shapes, e.g., r=azθ, where thevariable “z” corresponds to a vertical/orthogonal direction with respectto the (r, θ) plane. This is just one example of how a 3D version mightbe created from the various 2D representations included herein. Ofcourse, higher multidimensional shapes could certainly be designed bythose of ordinary skill in the art according to the equations and otherrules/constraints presented herein. Those of ordinary skill in the artwill readily be able to devise other approaches to arranging the arrayelements.

In some embodiments, there may be multiple array elements 500 clusteredin various combinations of two or three such elements. FIGS. 6-8 and 12illustrate plan views of some embodiments of this sort. Note that thespirals used in these particular examples are generic in the sense thatit is anticipated that in some embodiments various ones of thosepresented in FIGS. 1 through 3 inclusive should be substituted for thosein the illustration. For example, with respect to FIG. 6, the spirals610 of that figure are intended to be generally representative of anycombination of the nonlogarithmically expanding spirals discussedpreviously. It is not required that every one of the spirals 610 be thesame size or take the same functional form. Thus, for purposes of theinstant disclosure when a spiral of the general form 610 appears in afigure it should be understood that it is a just “placeholder”.

Further with respect to FIGS. 6-8, as can be seen, the some number ofthe antenna elements occur in groups of three and that they be arrangedsymmetrically, and preferably arranged symmetrically with respect toboth the “X” and “Y” axes. Further, in some embodiments the arrayelements will occur in multiples of 2 (e.g., 2, 4, 6, 8, etc.).Additionally, it is preferred that in some embodiments clusters of basic6-turn elements should also be included in multiples of three (e.g.,there are six such clusters in FIG. 6). In certain embodiments, thegroups of elements might be arranged at angles of 45°, 60°, 90°, 120°,etc., with respect to each other as is generally indicated generally inthe figures. Other variations are within the teachings of the presentinvention.

With respect to FIG. 12, this drawing illustrates how it might bepossible to construct an array 1500 where the number of spirals is equalto a multiple of 2, i.e., in the embodiment of FIG. 12 fourteen spiralsare used. It is preferred that in some embodiments there also be atleast one group of three spirals (1510).

In some embodiments an antenna element will be made of copper or anyother electrically conductive metallic, nonmetallic, or organic, ornonorganic material (e.g., carbon, gold copper, silver, aluminum, etc.).In some embodiments it will act as a photonic or other transducer,converting low intensity EMF radiation into electrical or other energy.

According to an embodiment, the instant invention is designed tomitigate the impact of low-intensity EMF radiation on an individual whowears or carries same in the presence of an EMF field, which may bereferred to as biofield hereinafter. In FIG. 9, the biofield of theindividual would be negatively impacted by EMF radiation from thecellular telephone absent the presence of an embodiment of the antenna500 that has been situated on the individual's clothing. That beingsaid, a cellular telephone is just one example of a source thatcontinuously emits low level EMF radiation. As such, it should be notedthat an embodiment of the instant array might be affixed to or made apart of a natural or manufactured emitting source (e.g., FIG. 5) orplaced on the object that is to be protected (FIG. 13).

Turning again to FIG. 5, there is provided an example of how the instantinvention might appear as implemented on a smart cellular phone. As isindicated, in one embodiment the algorithm will write a representationof a simulated array of the sort described above to the screen of thephone, thereby providing the user with the benefits of the instantinvention during such time as that screen is displayed. In someembodiments the simulated array will be written as the background to thecurrent display. In some cases, the array will be made only marginallyvisible (e.g., by making it translucent nearly transparent, lowintensity, roughly matching the user's preferred background color,reducing it in size so that less than the entire screen is occupied,etc.) so that its presence will not be too distracting. Of course, thoseof ordinary skill in the art will be able to readily devisealternatives.

As has been noted previously, the icon 500 is intended to genericallyrepresent any combination of the spiral forms taught herein. Thus, itsappearance in various of the figures herein should be broadly understoodto be indicative of the presence of individual ones, or multiple ones,of the spirals and other shapes according to the rules of variousembodiments described previously.

In another embodiment, though, it should be noted that if the screen isnot accessible to the instant program because, for example, it is beingused for some other purpose or the display is currently turned off, itwould be possible to write this simulated array to volatile ornonvolatile memory in a location so as to achieve comparable results,even if the screen displays something different form that contained inFIG. 5.

As partial substantiation to the claims here, attention is directed toFIGS. 10A through 10C which show the photomicrographs of human bloodduring lab tests. In each case (i.e., for both Subjects X, Y, and Z) thetop illustration in each figure shows red blood cells in advance of thesubject being exposed to EMF radiation sourced by a cellular telephone.The second/right most image in each figure indicates what happens to redblood cells after a period of such exposure. Obviously, EMF radiationfrom the phone has had a dramatic impact on the appearance of the redbloods cells in these figures via interaction with them. Finally, thebottom image in each case contains a photomicrograph of red blood cellsthat were collected from the same subjects after EMF radiation viacellphone, where the phone was executing an embodiment of the instantinvention during the exposure as is discussed more fully below. As canbe seen, the red blood cells have returned to near normal/baselinevalues due to the intervention of the instant invention.

Turning to FIG. 11, this figure contains an operating logic suitable foruse with an embodiment of the instant invention. In one embodiment andaccording to this figure, an algorithm will be selected (1100) andloaded (1110) onto the computing device of choice. The algorithmsreferred to would include, for example, execution of one or more of theequations presented above to create some number of the elements 10 inconnection with formation of a pattern such as those illustrated inFIGS. 1-3, and drawing the resulting image (e.g., in the form of FIGS.6-8) in connection with the hardware embodiment.

Next, and preferably, the selected algorithm will be executed 1120 bythe CPU(s) of the device on which the algorithms were loaded.Preferably, this device will have a display screen, but it could be thatsuch is not available, in which case the logic discussed below willhandle that condition.

Next, in an embodiment, a determination will be made as to whether ornot the screen is accessible (step 1130). If the answer is “YES” (theleft branch of decision item 1130), the simulated array will be drawn onthat screen and the algorithm will branch to step 1130 for furtherprocessing. According to some embodiments, the application might writeto the display a low or very low contrast (e.g., translucent orsemi-translucent) version of the pattern in such a way that it willoverlaying the contents of the current screen display but notsubstantially interfere with it.

On the other hand, if the screen is not available (e.g., it is beingused for other purposes or the device on which the algorithm isexecuting has no such display, for example a WiFi router, radioreceiver/transmitter), the instant invention will execute the selectedalgorithm (from step 1100) and write the simulated array into memory1150. After that is done, the instant invention will return to step 1120for further processing.

An experiment was conducted to test the efficacy of the instantinvention as applied to a EMF radiation emitted from a cellulartelephone. Twenty pre-screened male subjects were used, where theprescreening eliminated subjects with indicators for increased DNAdamage (e.g., drug use, tobacco use, radiation exposure, etc.). Astandard Samsung Galaxy Note 4 cellular phone was acquired and preloadedwith (a) an Android cell phone application that functioned according tothe instant invention; and, (b) with an audio book in the form of an mp3file (30 minutes in length) which each subject was instructed to listento when instructed to do so. With respect to (a), the program wasdesigned to write a plurality of the virtually transparent arrayelements of the sort described above to the background display of thecell phone.

As an initial matter and prior to using the phone to listen to the audiobook, five to ten hairs were plucked from the head of each subject froma location on the subject's head close to the location where the base ofthe phone antenna would be during a normal phone conversation. The sideof the subject's head (left or right) from which the hair was obtainedwas the side that was customarily used when speaking on the phone. Eachof the subjects was then instructed to listen to the entirety of theaudio recording as though that individual was listening to a phoneconversation, i.e., with the speaker of the phone proximate to thesubject's ear. Ten subjects listened to the phone without activating theembodiment of the software invention and the other ten subjects used thesame phone with the protection embodiment enabled. Immediately after theaudio recording ended, five to ten hairs were again plucked from thesame location on that subject's head.

Laboratory Method:

Turning next to the method of analysis, the hairs were immersed in a 1.5mL microfuge tube that contained 750 μL of RPMI 1640 media withoutserum. The microfuge tube was put on ice for 30 min to prevent any DNAdamage or repair in hair follicle cells and to maintain consistentelectrophoresis conditions for all samples. Afterwards, the hairs weretransferred to a 1.5 mL microfuge tube that contained 750 μl ofcollagenase (1 mg/mL) to dissociate the hair cells from the hairfollicle. They were then incubated for 15 min at 37° C. with 5% CO₂ inair and 100% humidity. During the 15 min incubation, the tube wasvortexed at the 5 and 10 min time points for more efficient action ofthe collagenase.

After the incubation, 750 μL of RPMI 1640 medium with 10% Fetal BovineSerum was added to the tubes to inactivate the collagenase. Then hairswere taken out. The microfuge tube was then centrifuged for 5 min at5000 g. The supernatant was discarded and the cell pellet wasre-suspended in 10 μL of medium. DNA damage in hair follicle cells wasassayed by the Comet Assay.

Microgels were prepared on custom-made MGE slides. These slides providea clear, non-frosted area in the center (1×3 cm) for low backgroundvisualization of DNA and a frosted area around for firm attachment ofagarose. The first layer of microgel was made by putting 100 μl of 0.5%,1:3 high-resolution agarose in the center of a slide and covering by a24×50 mm cover glass. After cooling the slide for 1 minute on an icecold steel tray, the cover glass was removed and the microgel wasallowed to air dry at room temperature. On top of the dried layer thefirst wet layer was made, 250 μl of 0.7%, 1:3 high-resolution agarosewas used to make microgel. Ten μl of the suspension of hair folliclecells were mixed well with 50 microliters of 0.7%, 1:3 high-resolutionagarose. Fifty microliters of this mixture was layered onto thepre-coated slide to make a second layer of microgel. After removing thecover-glass, another layer of 250 □l of 0.7% agarose was layered on topof the cell layer and covered again with a cover-glass.

After removing the cover glass, the slides were incubated for 1 h in alysing solution (pre-warmed to 37° C.) composed of 1.25 M NaCl, 0.01%sodium lauryl sarcosine, 50 mM tetra sodium EDTA, 10 mM tris, at pH 10.Freshly prepared reduced glutathione (1 mg/mL) and proteinase K (0.5mg/mL) were then added. They were then placed on a horizontalelectrophoretic unit modified to allow electrical input from powersupply to both ends of a positive and negative electrode. The unit wasfilled with a liter of a solution containing 300 mM sodium hydroxide, 1mM EDTA, and 0.2% DMSO. After 20 min of DNA unwinding and equilibrium ofthe microgel in the solution, electrophoresis (18 volts, 480 mA) andsolution recirculation (100 ml/min) was started simultaneously for 20min. Slides were then immersed in a neutralizing/DNA precipitatingsolution of Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) for 10 min and thisstep was repeated once more and the slides were immersed in 75%Tris-ethanol for 10 min. This step was repeated twice more at roomtemperature. Slides were then air-dried overnight.

One hundred microliters of YOYO stain were applied in two rows of 10small, equally spaced droplets over the clear window area of a slide andspread using a pipette tip without touching the slide. The slide wasthen covered with a cover glass.

Soon after staining, the slide was analyzed using a fluorescentmicroscope and the image-analysis software “VisComet”. One hundred cellsfrom each sample were analyzed and several parameters were measured asindices of DNA strand breaks: comet extent, percent DNA in tail, tailmoment, and tail integrated intensity.

Averages of the data from the 100 cells from each slide were calculatedfor each parameter and used in data analysis. Changes in DNA damagebefore and after the cellular phone use were compared using the pairedt-test. A difference at p≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

Table 1 shows levels of DNA damage in both groups before and aftercellular phone usage, as measured by the parameter “Comet Extent”, whichis a quantitative measure of DNA damage. Larger values of that parameterare generally recognized as being indicative of greater amount of DNAdamage. Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that cometassay measures double strand breaks, single strand breaks, oxidative BNAbase damage, etc., of the sort that could be caused by low level EMFradiation emitted by a cellular telephone when it was held in closeproximity to the user's head. As such, the values of this test would beexpected to reveal whether or not an embodiment provided an individualsome protection against such damage from a cell phone.

Individual means, group means and standard error of mean were calculatedfor test described above for both groups. By way of summary, as isindicated by the tables below in this embodiment the data showed that 30min of cellular phone use significantly increased DNA single strandbreaks in hair follicle cells.

Tables 1a and 1b. Comet Extent (Show Average from 100 Cells from EachSubject Before and after Cell Phone Use)

TABLE 1a Exposure Group (Protection app disabled) Subject Before After 1454 503 6 481 613 7 485 514 9 485 579 11 463 646 12 442 516 14 474 53316 381 504 18 434 519 19 426 543 Mean ± SEM 452 ± 8 547 ± 9 Statisticalanalysis: t = 6.531, df = 9, p < 0.001, i.e., cell phone use withoutprotective algorithm significantly increased DNA damage.

On the other hand, after a software embodiment of the invention wasactivated, the previously seen increase in DNA breakage was blocked, andthere was actually a slightly significant decrease in DNA breaks in hairfollicle cells tested. Data of other strand break parameters are shownin FIGS. 15 and 16.

TABLE 1b Protected Group (Protection app enabled) Subject Before After 2504 381 3 486 503 4 544 547 5 504 369 8 520 507 10 483 342 13 393 335 15446 346 17 448 359 20 476 410 Mean ± SEM 480 ± 3 410 ± 4 Statisticalanalysis: t = 3.875, df = 9, p < 0.01, i.e., cell phone use withprotective algorithm significantly decreased DNA damage.

In summary, exposure to cellular phone radiation increased DNA damage inhuman hair follicle cells (Table 1a). Use of an embodiment according tothe invention during cell phone operation attenuated the DNA-damagingeffects of the radiation (Table 1b). There was a significant differenceobserved between DNA damage levels measured before and after cellularphone usage in the exposed/without protection group (in all parameters).In the exposed group, which had the protection application disabled, DNAdamage levels were significantly higher after 30 minutes of cellularphone usage. In contrast, the group with protection application enabledshowed no increase in DNA damage levels after 30 min of cellular phoneusage. In fact, these results show an interesting phenomenon. The DNAdamage levels of subjects in the protected group had a small butsignificant decrease in DNA damage after their 30 minutes of cellularphone usage while an embodiment was active.

Finally, it should be noted that the instant invention might beimplemented on or within, or attached or made proximate to anyconventional or unconventional computing (programmable) device such as,by way of example and without limitation, a desk top computer, a cellphone, a lap top, a table top computer, a car video display, a medicalworkstation, medical diagnostic equipment, a home television, an MP3player, Google® Glasses, or any other device that has a display screen(e.g., a refrigerator, a game controller, a treadmills, an automobileconsole, a cash register, a slot machine, etc.). Preferably, the deviceon which the instant invention will be implemented will have a displaydevice or screen of some sort, although that is not a requirement asdescribed supra.

The substrate 12 could potentially comprise any nonconductive materialincluding, without limitation, plastic, cellulose pulps, metals,textiles, fabrics, polymers, ceramics, organic fibers, silicon, andcomposites, as specific examples. In particular, the substrate may beincorporated into and/or include a portion of an article of clothing orgarment.

While this invention has been described with reference to illustrativeembodiments, this description is not intended to be construed in alimiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of theillustrative embodiments as well as other embodiments of the invention,will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to thedescription. It is, therefore, intended that the appended claimsencompass any such modifications or embodiments.

Note that when the terms “computer”, “computing device”, “CPUs”, etc.,are used herein these terms should be broadly interpreted to include anyprogrammable device whether a consumer electronics product (e.g.,personal computer, smart phone, tablet, etc.) or an electronic applianceor other device that has a programmable chip (e.g., microprocessor,micro controller, etc.) integral thereto.

Further, it should be noted that when the term “spiral array element” or“spiral” is used herein, unless specifically indicated to the contrarythat should be interpreted to require a non-logarithmically expandingspiral form that has at least three turns, but preferably six “turns”.FIG. 14 contains an illustration of how “turns” are determined accordingto the instant disclosure. In that figure, a line has been drawingbetween the starting and ending points of the spiral 1400. Each dot inthat figure represents a “one turn” and, as it indicated in thisdrawing, counting both the starting and ending points there are sixturns in the spiral 1400.

Thus, the present invention is well adapted to carry out the objects andattain the ends and advantages mentioned above as well as those inherenttherein. While presently preferred embodiments have been described forpurposes of this disclosure, numerous changes and modifications will beapparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications areencompassed within the spirit of this invention as defined by theappended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of attenuating low intensity EMFradiation in a computing device having a display integral thereto,comprising the steps of: within said computing device, a. forming agraphical representation of a symmetric antenna array in computer memorycomprised of at least three non-logarithmically expanding spirals,wherein each of said spirals has at least six turns, and wherein anumber of said three or more array elements is a multiple of either twoor three; wherein each of said spirals is a Fermat's spiral beingdefined by an equation in polar coordinates asr ² =a ²θ, where r is a distance from an origin and θ is an angle ofrotation chosen such that each of said spiral array elements has atleast six turns, and a is an arbitrary constant, and, b. displaying saidgraphical representation on said display, thereby attenuating said lowintensity EMF radiation.
 2. The method according to claim 1, whereinsaid written graphical representation is translucent or semi-translucenton said display.
 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein step bcomprises the step of displaying said graphical representation on saiddisplay in foreground.
 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein stepb comprises the step of displaying said graphical representation on saiddisplay in background.
 5. A device for reducing DNA damage from lowintensity EMF radiation to an individual who is using said electronicdevice, wherein said electronic device has a display integral thereto,comprising: a. a CPU in electronic communication with said display; b. anon-transitory computer readable medium readable by said CPU andcontaining a plurality of instructions executable by said CPU, saidinstructions comprising the steps of:
 1. forming a graphicalrepresentation of a symmetric antenna array comprised of at least threenon-logarithmically expanding spirals, wherein each of said three ormore spirals has at least six turns, and wherein a number of said threeor more spirals is a multiple of either two or three; wherein each ofsaid at least three non-logarithmically expanding spirals is a Fermat'sspiral being defined by an equation in polar coordinates asr ² =a ²θ, where r is a distance from an origin and θ is an angle ofrotation chosen such that each of said spiral array elements has atleast six turns, and a is an arbitrary constant, and,
 2. displaying saidgraphical representation on said display.
 6. The method according toclaim 5, wherein said displayed graphical representation is translucentor semi-translucent on said display.
 7. The method according to claim 5,wherein graphical step b(2) comprises the step of displaying saidgraphical representation on said display in foreground.
 8. The methodaccording to claim 5, wherein graphical step b(2) comprises the step ofdisplaying said graphical representation on said display in background.9. An electronic device for reducing DNA damage to a user of saidelectronic device from a low intensity EMF radiation emitted by saidelectronic device, comprising: a. a CPU; b. computer memory inelectronic communication with said CPU, said memory configured to storea graphic representation of a symmetric antenna array comprised of atleast three expanding spirals, wherein each of said at least threespirals has at least six turns, and wherein a number of said three ormore spirals is a multiple of either two or three; wherein each of saidat least three expanding spirals is a Fermat's spiral being defined byan equation in polar coordinates asr ² =a ²θ, where r is a distance from an origin and θ is an angle ofrotation chosen such that each of said spiral array elements has atleast six turns, and a is an arbitrary constant; c. a graphic display inelectronic communication with said CPU displaying said symmetric antennaarray stored in memory to cause a reduction in the low intentive EMFration emitted from said electronic device.
 10. The electronic deviceaccording to claim 9 wherein each of said at least three expandingspirals is arrayed around a central point, wherein each of said at leastthree expanding spirals has a terminus, and wherein each of said terminiof said at least three expanding spirals meets at said central point.